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Journal of Materials Chemistry was published between 1991 and 2012. From issue 1, 2013, it was replaced by three new journals: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B and C
Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (SEME), University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Shore road, Newtown abbey, United Kingdom
E-mail: swathigr@gmail.com
J. Mater. Chem., 2011,21, 16162-16169
DOI:
10.1039/C1JM12829A
Received
20 Jun 2011,
Accepted
20 Aug 2011
First published online
12 Sep 2011
We report a novel single step in situ process of growth and nitrogen-electron cyclotron resonance plasma treatment of vertically aligned multi walled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs) that leads to concurrent end opening by metal cap removal, nitrogen incorporation and intercalation along with substitution at graphitic sites resulting in n-type electronic doping. Microscopic and spectroscopic evaluations of the nitrogen treated MWCNTs reveal negligible iron content with significant conservation of both structure and alignment. The nitrogen induced electronic change increases distinct π* states as evidenced by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) and 5 cm−1 downshift of G-band, as observed from Raman spectroscopy, confirm n-type doping. The combined effect of plasma activation (both cavities and surface of the end opened VA-MWCNTs) and n-type doping enhances the field emission performance of the CNTs resulting in high current density (15 mA cm−2) at low applied voltage of 1.5 V μm−1 with low turn on and threshold electric fields (Eto-0.52 and Eth-0.76 V μm−1). This low energy highly controllable plasma has great implications not only in the fabrication of various n-type materials and bio related application but also many other interesting areas for cost effective energy related applications.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry
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