4-Amino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate salts—highly insensitive energetic materials

Yanqiang Zhang; Yangen Huang; Damon A. Parrish; Jean'ne M. Shreeve

doi:10.1039/C1JM10340G

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Journal of Materials Chemistry

Issue 19, 2011

Journal of Materials Chemistry was published between 1991 and 2012. From issue 1, 2013, it was replaced by three new journals: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B and C

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Paper

4-Amino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate salts—highly insensitive energetic materials

Yanqiang Zhang,^a Yangen Huang,^b Damon A. Parrish^c and Jean'ne M. Shreeve*^a

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Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
E-mail: jshreeve@uidaho.edu ;
Fax: +1 208-885-9146

College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6030, Washington, DC, USA

J. Mater. Chem., 2011,21, 6891-6897

DOI: 10.1039/C1JM10340G
Received 22 Jan 2011, Accepted 06 Mar 2011
First published online 31 Mar 2011

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Energetic salts based on the 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate anion and selected nitrogen-rich cations were prepared in high yield by neutralization or metathesis reactions. Their key properties of the resulting energetic salts, such as melting point, thermal stability (169–303 °C), density (1.54–1.84 g cm⁻³), impact sensitivity (>60 J), heat of formation, and detonation pressure (20.99–32.55 GPa) and velocity (7712–8751 m s⁻¹), were measured or calculated. As highly insensitive energetic materials, salts 9 (32.55 GPa, 8743 m s⁻¹) and 11 (28.85 GPa, 8751 m s⁻¹) are comparable with 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB, 31.15 GPa and 8114 m s⁻¹).