Visualizing hydrogen atoms migrating in acetylene dication by time-resolved three-body and four-body Coulomb explosion imaging

Abstract

The visualization of ultrafast isomerization of deuterated acetylene dication (C₂D₂²⁺) is demonstrated by time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging with sub-10 fs intense laser pulses (9 fs, 0.13 PW cm⁻², 800 nm). The Coulomb explosion imaging monitoring the three-body explosion process, C₂D₂³⁺ → D⁺ + C⁺ + CD⁺, as a function of the delay between the pump and probe pulses revealed that the migration of a deuterium atom proceeds in a recurrent manner; One of the deuterium atoms first shifts from one carbon site to the other in a short timescale (∼90 fs), and then migrates back to the original carbon site by 280 fs, in competition with the molecular dissociation. Correlated motion of the two deuterium atoms associated with the hydrogen migration and structural deformation to non-planar geometry are identified by the time-resolved four-body Coulomb explosion imaging, C₂D₂⁴⁺ → D⁺ + C⁺ + C⁺ + D⁺.