The Ireland–Claisen rearrangement as a probe for the diastereoselectivity of nucleophilic attack on a double bond adjacent to a stereogenic centre carrying a silyl group

Abstract

The E- and Z-silyl enol ethers 4 derived from allyl 3-R-3-dimethyl(phenyl)silylpropanoate (R = Me, Prⁱ and Ph) and the Z-silyl enol ethers 7 derived from 4-R-4-dimethyl(phenyl)silylbut-2-enyl acetate (R = Me and Prⁱ) undergo Ireland–Claisen rearrangements largely in the same stereochemical sense, with C–C bond formation taking place anti to the silyl group in the conformations 22, 23 and 24 in which the hydrogen atom on the stereogenic centre is inside, more or less eclipsing the double bond. The E-silyl enol ether E-7a derived from 4-methyl-4-dimethyl(phenyl)silylbut-2-enyl acetate shows low diastereoselectivity in the alternative sense, probably because C–C bond formation takes place anti to the silyl group in the conformation 26 with the methyl group inside, but the silyl enol ether E-7b derived from 4-isopropyl-4-dimethyl(phenyl)silylbut-2-enyl acetate shows low diastereoselectivity in the normal sense. The E- and Z-silyl enol ethers 33 derived from cis-crotyl 3-phenyl-3-dimethyl(phenyl)silylpropanoate and the E-silyl enol ether 39 derived from trans-crotyl 3-phenyl-3-dimethyl(phenyl)silylpropanoate undergo Ireland–Claisen rearrangements largely in the same stereochemical sense as their allyl counterparts, but with moderately high levels of diastereocontrol in setting up the third stereogenic centre following from chair-like transition structures.