Photochemical decomposition of 4-diazopyrazolidine-3,5-diones (3) in the presence of nucleophiles, XH, leads to the aza-β-lactams (4); decarboxylation of (4e) gives the aza-β-lactam (7), which undergoes reductive ring cleavage to (8), and ring expansion to (9) on treatment with base.
G. Lawton, C. J. Moody and C. J. Pearson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 754 DOI: 10.1039/C39840000754
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