Direct Li+ incorporation during the anodic formation of compact TiO2 layers

Abstract

In this work, compact titanium oxide layers are formed by anodization in 1 M H₃PO₄ aqueous electrolyte containing LiClO₄. Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) measurements demonstrate that incorporation of lithium ions occurs during anodization, and cell-voltage transient measurements evidence the different electronic properties of Li-doped TiO₂ layers. The mechanism of direct incorporation of Li during the fabrication of TiO₂ layers is discussed.