The synthesis and mesomorphism of di-, tetra- and hexa-catenar liquid crystals based on 2,2′-bipyridine

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Kathryn E. Rowe and Duncan W. Bruce


Abstract

2,2′-Bipyridines are known to coordinate to a wide variety of metal centres. In this paper, liquid-crystalline two-chained (dicatenar), four-chained (tetracatenar) and six-chained (hexacatenar) bipyridines are synthesised and their mesomorphism is described. For the tetracatenar bipyridines, a full homologous series, from tetramethoxy to tetratetradecyloxy, was synthesised, and the phase diagram showed a classic progression from nematic and smectic C phases at short chain length, through a cubic phase to a columnar phase.


References

  1. E. C. Constable, Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem., 1984, 30, 69 Search PubMed.
  2. G. X. Liu and R. J. Puddephatt, Organometallics, 1996, 15, 5257 CrossRef CAS.
  3. J.-M. Lehn and A. Rigault, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1988, 27, 1095 CrossRef.
  4. V. Balzani, A. Juris, M. Venturi, S. Campagna and S. Serroni, Chem. Rev., 1996, 96, 759 CrossRef CAS.
  5. See e.g.J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, 1995 Search PubMed.
  6. D. W. Bruce, Adv. Mater., 1994, 6, 699 CAS.
  7. D. W. Bruce and X.-H. Liu, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 729 RSC.
  8. D. W. Bruce and X.-H. Liu, Liq. K., 1995, 18, 165 Search PubMed.
  9. S. Morrone, G. Harrison and D. W. Bruce, Adv. Mater., 1995, 7, 665 CrossRef CAS; S. Morrone, D. Guillon and D. W. Bruce, Inorg. Chem., 1996, 35, 7041 CrossRef CAS.
  10. H. Zheng and T. M. Swager, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 761 CrossRef CAS; T. M. Swager and H. Zheng, Mol. Cryst., Liq. Cryst., 1995, 260, 301 Search PubMed.
  11. See also: K. Hanabusa, J.-I. Higashi, T. Koyama, H. Shira, N. Hojo and A. Kurose, Makromol. Chem., 1989, 190, 1 Search PubMed; T. Kuboki, K. Araki, M. Yamada and S. Shiraishi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1994, 67, 984 CAS; D. W. Bruce, J. D. Holbrey, A. R. Tajbakhsh and G. J. T. Tiddy, J. Mater. Chem., 1993, 3, 905; A. Elgayoury, L. Douce, R. Ziessel, R. Seghrouchni and A. Skoulios, Liq. Cryst., 1996, 21, 143 RSC.
  12. D. W. Bruce and K. E. Rowe, Liq. Cryst., 1995, 18, 161 CAS.
  13. L. Douce, R. Ziessel, R. Seghrouchni, E. Campillos, A. Skoulios and R. Deschenaux, Liq. Cryst., 1995, 18, 157 CAS.
  14. K. E. Rowe and D. W. Bruce, Liq. Cryst., 1996, 20, 183 CAS.
  15. See e.g.R. Deschenaux and J. W. Goodby, in Ferrocenes, ed A. Togni and T. Hayashi, VCH, Weinheim, 1995, ch. 9 Search PubMed.
  16. K. E. Rowe and D. W. Bruce, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1996, 3913 RSC.
  17. J. Mathête, H.-T. Nguyen and C. Destrade, Liq. Cryst., 1993, 13, 171 CrossRef CAS.
  18. H.-T. Nguyen, C. Destrade and J. Malthête, Adv. Mater., 1997, 9, 375 CrossRef CAS.
  19. D. W. Bruce and S. A. Hudson, J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4, 479 RSC; W. Weissflog, G. Pelzl, I. Letko and S. Diele, Mol. Cryst., Liq. Cryst., 1995, 260, 157 Search PubMed.
  20. B. Heinrich and D. Guillon, unpublished results.
  21. B. Donnio and D. W. Bruce, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1997, 2745 RSC.
  22. W. Weissflog, I. Letko, S. Diele and G. Pelzl, Adv. Mater., 1996, 8, 76 CAS.
  23. D. W. Bruce, B. Donnio, S. A. Hudson, A.-M. Levelut, S. Megtert, D. Petermann and M. Veber, J. Phys. II Fr., 1995, 5, 289 Search PubMed.
  24. D. W. Bruce, B. Donnio, D. Guillon, B. Heinrich and M. Ibn-Elhaj, Liq. Cryst., 1995, 19, 537 CAS.
  25. B. Donnio, D. W. Bruce, H. Delacroix and T. Gulik-Krzywicki, Liq. Cryst., 1997, 23, 147 CrossRef CAS.
  26. B. Donnio, D. W. Bruce, B. Heinrich, D. Guillon, H. Delacroix and T. Gulik-Krzywicki, Chem. Mater., 1997, in press Search PubMed; B. Donnio, PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996 Search PubMed.
  27. G. W. Gray, Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Wiley, Chichester, 1987 Search PubMed.
  28. M. A. Osman, Mol Cryst, Liq. Cryst., 1985, 128, 45 CAS; G. Nestor, G. W. Gray, D. Lacey and K. J. Toyne, Liq. Cryst., 1990, 7, 669 CAS; D. W. Bruce and S. A. Hudson, J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4, 479 RSC; G. W. Gray, M. Hird and K. J. Toyne, Mol. Cryst., Liq. Cryst., 1991, 204, 91 CAS.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.