Pd@MIL-101 as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of anisole

Abstract

A series of highly porous acidic metal–organic framework MIL-101 supported Pd nanoparticles materials with different Pd contents were prepared through a simple sol–gel method. The obtained heterogeneous catalytic material Pd@MIL-101 was comprehensively characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), N₂ adsorption, FTIR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption (Py-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The intact crystallinity of MIL-101 was found before and after the Pd loading process, and Pd nanoparticles with diameter of 2–3.5 nm were found homogeneously dispersed in MIL-101. The bifunctional Pd@MIL-101 catalyst exhibits good activity in hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole. It has been shown that the reaction temperature and the Pd content play important roles in the activity toward oxygen-removal. The catalyst after reaction at a high temperature of 240 °C revealed that the Pd nanoparticles tended to migrate to the external surface of the MOF materials and form larger aggregates.