Synthesis and thermal denaturation studies of novel 2′-O,3′-C-linked bicyclic oligonucleotides with a methoxy or a piperazino group facing the major groove of nucleic acid duplexes

Abstract

With the aim of evaluating duplex stabilities of oligonucleotides (ONs) with major groove facing functionalities, two novel 2′-O,3′-C-linked bicyclic nucleoside phosphoramidite building blocks were synthesized by routes involving regioselective O-methylation or piperazine attachment using carbonyldiimidazole coupling chemistry. The novel monomers were incorporated into 9-mer mixed base ONs and the thermal stability toward complementary single stranded DNA and RNA was evaluated by thermal denaturation experiments. O-methylated ONs confirmed the applicability of the functionalized bicylic sugar unit for attachment of groups facing the major groove and satisfactory binding properties towards the RNA complement were observed. For the piperazino modified ONs, experiments were performed in aqueous buffers with low (40 mM) and medium (110 mM) salt concentrations, at pH 5 and pH 7. A change from a medium to a low salt concentration induced a significant relative increase in the thermal stability of modified duplexes toward both DNA and RNA complements, which suggests protonation of the piperazino group under the experimental conditions applied.