Magnetic enhancement and low thermal expansion of (1−x−y)PbTiO3-xBi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3-yBiFeO3

Abstract

A low thermal expansion and ferromagnetism enhanced compound (1−x−y)PbTiO₃-xBi(Ni_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃-yBiFeO₃ was developed by chemical composition controlling. The appropriate ratio of dopants Bi(Ni_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃ and BiFeO₃ not only tailored the thermal expansion but also realized high thermal stability in a wide temperature range. The ferromagnetism was improved by BiFeO₃ and the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were well retained with Bi(Ni_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃. The ceramics show good mechanical performances such as high hardness and satisfied fracture toughness due to the Bi(Ni_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃ stabilizing the structure and reducing the internal stress. These good properties make the material multifunctional and promising in the application. The present work provides a way to design and explore multifunctional materials with required properties.