Issue 19, 2010

Deposition of palladium catalyzed copper films by the displacement of two immiscible supercritical phases and subsequent reaction

Abstract

Palladium (Pd) catalyzed copper (Cu) films were produced by forming films of Cu(II) compound (Cu(hfac)2·H2O) and Pd(II) compound (Pd(hfac)2) on silicon oxide (SiOx) and titanium nitride (TiN) substrates using a Displacement from two Immiscible Supercritical Phases (DISPs) technique followed by reduction of the organometallic compounds films in hydrogen at 200 °C. The morphology of Cu films was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the absence of Pd(hfac)2, Cu particles in the range of 60–95 nm formed on SiOx or TiN during the 5 min reduction period. As the Pd(hfac)2 concentration increased to 5 mol% (relative to the amount of Cu(hfac)2·H2O), a morphology transition from particle formation to film formation was observed. When the Cu(hfac)2·H2O concentration varied from 0.1 wt% to 3 wt% at a fixed Pd(hfac)2 concentration of 5 mol%, highly uniform, dense and adherent films with 10–40 nm in thickness were produced. Root mean square (rms) roughness of these films, estimated by AFM images, is in the range of 1.7–5.8 nm. Chemical composition analysis of 5 mol% Pd catalyzed Cu film by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that approximately the ratio of Pd to Cu incorporated into the film was two times larger than the initial Pd(hfac)2 to Cu(hfac)2·H2O ratio.

Graphical abstract: Deposition of palladium catalyzed copper films by the displacement of two immiscible supercritical phases and subsequent reaction

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
09 Dec 2009
Accepted
23 Feb 2010
First published
22 Mar 2010

J. Mater. Chem., 2010,20, 3973-3978

Deposition of palladium catalyzed copper films by the displacement of two immiscible supercritical phases and subsequent reaction

J. Kim and R. G. Carbonell, J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 3973 DOI: 10.1039/B925959G

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