Generation of tunable wavelength lights in core-shell CaWO4 microspheres via co-doping with Na+ and Ln3+ (Ln = Tb, Sm, Dy, Eu)

Abstract

The optimum luminescence and its relevant applications of phosphors are always challenged by the generation of multicolour lights in a single solid with a single-wavelength excitation. In this work, we initiated the preparation of novel core-shell CaWO₄ microspheres co-doped with Na⁺ and Ln³⁺ (Ln = Tb, Sm, Dy, Eu) and systematically studied their tunable wavelength lights. The core and shell of the microspheres are based on the same materials that crystallized in a tetragonal scheelite structure. The primary particle size for the un-doped microspheres was about 36 nm, while upon doping with Ln³⁺/Na⁺, the primary particle became as small as 14–19 nm. This core-shell structure is proved unique in significantly suppressing the energy-loss processes occurring at the nanoparticle surfaces. As a consequence, the un-doped microspheres exhibited an intense blue luminescence with a lifetime of 8.46 µs and a chromaticity coordinate of (0.16, 0.14), while with increasing the Ln³⁺ concentration, the blue emission disappeared and the emissions belonging to Ln³⁺ were significantly enhanced as is followed by an apparent variation of the chromaticity coordinates. By simply varying the dopant concentration of Ln³⁺, tunable wavelength lights were successfully achieved in the core-shell CaWO₄ microspheres using a single-wavelength excitation light, which is a consequence of the modulated relative intensity of the WO₄²⁻ emission and Ln³⁺ emission.