Issue 24, 2005

Graphite powder derivatised with poly-l-cysteine using “building-block” chemistry—a novel material for the extraction of heavy metal ions

Abstract

Graphite powder derivatised with 4-nitrophenyl moieties (NPcarbon) can be used to successively attach other chemical species to the graphite surface in a controlled and selective manner. Characterisation of these novel materials was undertaken using electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) techniques. We demonstrate the proof of concept of this “building-block” chemistry by first reducing the nitro groups on the NPcarbon using a Sn–HCl reduction to the corresponding aniline-like moieties, and then coupling p-nitrobenzoic acid to these via an amide-linkage. Next we demonstrate the utility of this novel derivatisation method by coupling poly-S-benzyl-L-cysteine to the reduced NPcarbon in an analogous manner. After deprotection of the thiol groups using Na in liquid ammonia, the poly-L-cysteine derivatised carbon (PCcarbon) was found to complex cadmium(II) ions. Quantitative analysis of the uptake of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions at pH 5.0 by PCcarbon was carried out using stripping-voltammetry at a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode and revealed that PCcarbon complexed 137 ± 20 mg of Cd2+ per gram of modified PCcarbon.

Graphical abstract: Graphite powder derivatised with poly-l-cysteine using “building-block” chemistry—a novel material for the extraction of heavy metal ions

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 Mar 2005
Accepted
22 Apr 2005
First published
29 Apr 2005

J. Mater. Chem., 2005,15, 2375-2382

Graphite powder derivatised with poly-L-cysteine using “building-block” chemistry—a novel material for the extraction of heavy metal ions

G. G. Wildgoose, H. C. Leventis, I. J. Davies, A. Crossley, N. S. Lawrence, L. Jiang, T. G. J. Jones and R. G. Compton, J. Mater. Chem., 2005, 15, 2375 DOI: 10.1039/B504170H

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