A new analytical solution of the quaternary Gibbs–Duhem equation

Abstract

A thermodynamically consistent analytical solution of the Gibbs–Duhem equation for quaternary systems is presented and a reasonable calculation procedure is suggested. The resulting equations are in a form easily fitted by a least-squares technique and allow calculation of the partial molar excess properties of all other components and of the corresponding integral property from experimental values of this property of one component in a quaternary system with its selected boundary values.