Issue 12, 2011

Porous carbon nanofiber–sulfur composite electrodes for lithium/sulfur cells

Abstract

Sulfur (S) encapsulated in porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was synthesized viaelectrospinning, carbonization and solution-based chemical reaction–deposition method. The chemical reaction–deposition strategy provides intimate contact between the S and the CNFs. This would not necessarily be the case for other reported methods, such as ball milling and thermal treatment. These novel porous carbon nanofiber–sulfur (CNF–S) nanocomposites with various S loadings showed high reversible capacity, good discharge capacity retention and enhanced rate capability when they were used as cathodes in rechargeable Li/S cells. We demonstrated here that an electrode prepared from a porous CNF–S nanocomposite with 42 wt% S maintains a stable discharge capacity of about 1400 mA h g−1 at 0.05 C, 1100 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and 900 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C. We attribute the good electrochemical performance to the high electrical conductivity and the extremely high surface area of the CNFs that homogeneously disperse and immobilize S on their porous structures, alleviating the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon. SEM measurements showed that the porous CNF structures remained nearly unchanged even after 30 cycles' discharging/charging at 0.05 C.

Graphical abstract: Porous carbon nanofiber–sulfur composite electrodes for lithium/sulfur cells

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
01 Aug 2011
Accepted
21 Sep 2011
First published
18 Oct 2011

Energy Environ. Sci., 2011,4, 5053-5059

Porous carbon nanofiber–sulfur composite electrodes for lithium/sulfur cells

L. Ji, M. Rao, S. Aloni, L. Wang, E. J. Cairns and Y. Zhang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 5053 DOI: 10.1039/C1EE02256C

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