Fourth-order coherent Raman spectroscopy in a time domain: applications to buried interfaces

Abstract

A Raman-based, nonlinear optical spectroscopy is a promising method for observing vibrational modes localized at buried interfaces. The principles of Raman excitation and interface-selective detection of coherent vibrations are described. Applications to air–liquid, liquid–liquid, air–solid, liquid–solid, and solid–solid interfaces are reviewed.