A convenient approach for the determination of multiple trace BPs using an in-syringe-assisted solid phase microextraction system packed with elastic spongy graphene rods coupled with HPLC

Abstract

An elastic cylindrical three-dimensional porous spongy graphene rod (3D-PSGR) was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and applied in a syringe system as a solid phase adsorbent for the extraction of nine trace bisphenol analogs (BPs) from environmental samples. In this study, a simple sample pretreatment procedure in-syringe-assisted solid phase microextraction (ISA-SPME) was developed for the detection of nine BPs with HPLC. The full protocols for the extraction and elution process were achieved in a syringe. After enrichment, the sample solution was expelled slowly from the syringe to leave the adsorbent with the analytes behind. The analyte-enriched adsorbent was then eluted by drawing MeOH into the syringe, and the elution solution was then injected in HPLC. The 3D-PSGR exhibits excellent cycling stability and can be reused for eight consecutive cycles without significant loss of extraction efficiencies. The 3D-PSGR-ISA-SPME was applied successfully to the analysis of nine BPs in river water and soil samples. The method detection limits (MDLs) were in the range of 0.39–3.97 ng mL⁻¹, and the extraction recoveries of the spiked samples were in the range of 96.5–102.6% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.11–4.27%. A convenient method is proposed for the analysis of nine trace BPs in environmental samples.