Sustainable Materials in Terahertz Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Technologies

Abstract

The need for efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding solutions has increased due to the quick development of terahertz (THz) technologies in wireless communications, imaging, and sensing. Traditional metal-based shielding materials are very effective, but they have issues with weight, processing complexity, and sustainability. As a result, eco-friendly and sustainable materials with lightweight, flexible, and multipurpose qualities have become viable substitutes for THz EMI shielding. This review offers a thorough summary of current developments in sustainable functional materials, such as carbons derived from biomass, natural polymers, MXenes, and green composites, and how they are used in THz EMI shielding. In order to maximize shielding effectiveness, we go over synthesis and processing methods that allow for customized micro/nanostructures and surface functionalities. The article also discusses the fundamental transduction processes that control THz attenuation in sustainable materials, including reflection, absorption, multiple scattering, dipole polarization, and interfacial interactions. In order to advance sustainable THz EMI shielding technologies toward scalable, environmentally conscious applications, this review summarizes current advancements, identifies current obstacles, and investigates future opportunities by combining insights from material design, fabrication strategies, and shielding mechanisms.