Light- and electrically-programmable logic devices, hybrid communication, and image recognition technology based on WSe2/h-BN/Gr heterostructures

Abstract

Programmable devices exhibit inherent advantages in communication systems, low-power multi-logic operations, and intelligent optical sensing applications, making them ideal candidates for optoelectronic integrated circuits. This study demonstrates a local gate photodetector based on a WSe₂/h-BN/Gr heterostructure. Through the synergistic modulation of gate voltages and optical signals, the device achieves reconfigurable logic operations, optical communication, and image recognition functionalities within a single architecture. The fabricated device exhibits remarkable performance metrics, including an ultrahigh switching ratio of 8 × 10⁵ and a fast response time of 0.33 ms, ensuring reliable logic gate switching in photovoltaic mode. Gate-voltage modulation enables the dynamic configuration of n⁺–n and p–n junctions, with reversible switching between positive and negative photoresponses under illumination. Furthermore, the linear dependence of photocurrent on both light intensity and gate voltage facilitates the implementation of convolutional neural networks for broadband image recognition and classification.