Electrodeposited Ni on a Silk-Derived Carbon modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Non-Invasive Sensing of Glucose in Saliva

Abstract

In order to improve the life quality for diabetic patients, a groundbreaking study has designed of a non-invasive sensor capable of monitoring glucose levels in saliva. The non-enzymatic glucose sensor constructed through electrodeposition of Ni represents an innovative electrochemical sensor aimed at enhancing the sensitivity and stability of glucose detection, while addressing the limitations of enzyme activity in traditional enzymatic sensors. This sensor is realized by loading a layer of nickel (Ni) electrodeposited on silk-derived carbon on the electrode surface. Nickel, as a catalyst, can directly catalyze the oxidation of glucose, generating a current signal proportional to the glucose concentration. In this non-enzymatic detection system, electrodeposition technology allows precise control over the structure of the nickel layer, optimizing its electrochemical activity and stability. Such nickel-based electrodes exhibit excellent catalytic efficiency and reusability, and are unaffected by environmental factors such as pH and temperature, which is crucial for the development of reliable blood glucose monitoring devices. The non-enzymatic glucose sensor demonstrates outstanding sensitivity of 757.02 μA mM-1 cm-2, wide linear range of 1-6998 μM, and low detection limit of 0.16 μM. Furthermore, it shows excellent selectivity, stability, and fast response time for glucose. Importantly, the developed non-enzymatic glucose sensor can detect glucose levels in human saliva without any pretreatment, showing great potential for application in non-invasive sensors. By adjusting the electrodeposition parameters, such as deposition voltage, time, and nickel salt concentration, the surface morphology and structure of the nickel film can be further tuned to meet various detection requirements. The prepared sensor has great potential of application in clinical and personal health monitoring.