Modulating electrolyte solvation structures with Fe-embedded carbon matrix substrates for robust lithium-metal plating

Abstract

The practical application of lithium metal as an anode faces challenges due to the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and substantial volume expansion. In this study, we synthesized a porous Fe@C material through the pyrolysis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), showcasing its efficacy as a substrate for lithium plating. Increased anion participation occurs in the Li⁺ solvation sheath within the Fe@C pores, leading to the formation of an anion-derived solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The Fe matrix serves as nucleation sites, and the pores optimize the electrolyte structure, effectively guiding Li deposition while inhibiting Li dendrite formation. This approach demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance with extended cycling, presenting a promising strategy for stable lithium metal anodes.