Component-controlled synthesis of PdxSny nanocrystals on carbon nanotubes as advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract

Pd-based bimetallic or multimetallic nanocrystals are considered to be potential electrocatalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. Although much advance has been made, the synthesis of component-controlled Pd–Sn alloy nanocrystals or corresponding nanohybrids is still challenging, and the electrocatalytic ORR properties are not fully explored. Herein, component-controlled synthesis of Pd_xSn_y nanocrystals (including Pd₃Sn, Pd₂Sn, Pd₃Sn_2, and PdSn) has been realized, which are in situ grown or deposited on pre-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form well-coupled nanohybrids (NHs) by a facile one-pot non-hydrolytic system thermolysis method. In alkaline media, all the resultant Pd_xSn_y/CNTs NHs are effective at catalyzing ORR. Among them, the Pd₃Sn/CNTs NHs exhibit the best catalytic activity with the half-wave potential of 0.85 V (vs. RHE), good cyclic stability, and excellent methanol-tolerant capability due to the suited Pd–Sn alloy component and its strong interaction or efficient electronic coupling with CNTs. This work is conducive to the advancement of Pd-based nanoalloy catalysts by combining component engineering and a hybridization strategy and promoting their application in clean energy devices.