Safety concerns in solid-state lithium batteries: from materials to devices

Abstract

Solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs) with high energy density and improved safety have been widely considered as ideal next-generation energy storage devices for long-range electric vehicles. Nevertheless, the potential safety issues in SSLMBs during solid-state electrolyte synthesis, battery operation and battery post-processing have been often ignored, which presents difficulties for their practical application. This review primarily evaluates the safety concerns in SSLMBs, especially thermal runaway and hazardous product release induced by the undesirable chemical/thermal/interfacial dynamic stability of the electrode and electrolyte materials. Subsequently, the recent advancements in addressing safety concerns by relying on electrolyte innovation and interface regulation as well as engineering SSLMB design are summarized, and future directions are speculated upon. The purpose of this review is to encourage researchers to devote more efforts to this field and pave the way for practical applications of SSLMBs.