Issue 12, 2024

Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements

Abstract

Over the last two decades, the low-valent compounds of group-14 elements have received significant attention in several fields of chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. The low-valent group-14 species include tetrylenes, tetryliumylidene, tetrylones, dimetallenes and dimetallynes. These low-valent group-14 species have shown applications in various areas such as organic transformations (hydroboration, cyanosilylation, N-functionalisation of amines, and hydroamination), small molecule activation (e.g. P4, As4, CO2, CO, H2, alkene, and alkyne) and materials. This review presents an in-depth discussion on low-valent group-14 species-catalyzed reactions, including polymerization of rac-lactide, L-lactide, DL-lactide, and caprolactone, followed by their photophysical properties (phosphorescence and fluorescence), thin film deposition (atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition), and medicinal applications. This review concisely summarizes current developments of low-valent heavier group-14 compounds, covering synthetic methodologies, structural aspects, and their applications in various fields of chemistry. Finally, their opportunities and challenges are examined and emphasized.

Graphical abstract: Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
30 Jan 2024
First published
17 May 2024

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024,53, 6150-6243

Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements

R. Akhtar, K. Gaurav and S. Khan, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, 53, 6150 DOI: 10.1039/D4CS00101J

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