One-step green synthesis of 2D Ag-dendrite-embedded biopolymer hydrogel beads as a catalytic reactor

Abstract

Silver (Ag) nanocrystals with a dendritic structure have attracted intensive attention because of their unique structural properties, which include abundant sharp corners and edges that provide a large number of active atoms. However, the synthesis of Ag dendrites via a simple and environmentally friendly method under ambient conditions remains a challenge. In this paper, we report a simple water-based green method for the production of biopolymer hydrogel beads embedded with Ag dendrites without using an additional reducing agent, stabilizer, or crosslinking agent. The obtained Ag dendrites exhibit a unique two-dimensional (2D) structure rather than a conventional three-dimensional structure because Ag⁺ ions are reduced on the surface of the solid-phase hydrogel beads and grow into crystals. Reasonable mechanisms explaining the formation of the nanocomposite hydrogel beads and the formation of 2D Ag dendrites in the hydrogel are proposed on the basis of our observations and results. The hydrogel beads embedded the 2D Ag dendrites were used as an environmentally friendly catalytic reactor, and their catalytic performance was evaluated by adopting the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol with NaBH₄ as a model reaction.