Simple construction of GdBiVO4 assembled on reduced graphene oxide for selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol in food samples

Abstract

In the present study, the influence of phase purity and crystallinity on the electrochemical properties of well-designed GdBiVO₄@rGO nanocomposite, fabricated by the facile hydrothermal method for the detection of chloramphenicol (CP), is reported. The surface morphology and electrochemical sensing property of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and electron impedance spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical property of synthesized GdBiVO₄@rGO nanocomposite was used for the detection of hazardous antiprotozoal CP drug in food, scrutinized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The GdBiVO₄@rGO nanocomposite on an electrode showed an excellent and quick response towards CP drug. Under an optimized condition, the proposed electrochemical sensor displayed a low detection limit of up to 0.0229 μM and broad linear range of 0.05–36.55 and 42.55–2336.55 μM for CP. In addition, the GdBiVO₄@rGO electrodes exhibited good performance characteristics of repeatability and reproducibility and proved suitable for CP analysis in food samples.