Improving the structure stabilization of red phosphorus anodes via the shape memory effect of a Ni–Ti alloy for high-performance sodium ion batteries

Abstract

A Ni–Ti memory alloy was introduced to alleviate the huge volume change in red-P anodes for Na-ion batteries. The Ni–Ti–P delivered a high initial coulombic efficiency of 80%, and retained almost 100% of the initial reversible capacity after 20 cycles. Utilizing the shape memory effect to accommodate a huge volumetric change favors the recovery of the anode structure.