Mesoporous germanium nanoparticles synthesized in molten zinc chloride at low temperature as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

In a simple and convenient way, mesoporous germanium nanoparticles (mp-Ge NPs) are prepared by a “metathesis” reaction of magnesium germanide (Mg₂Ge) and zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) in an autoclave at 300 °C. Investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the prepared mp-Ge NPs exhibit a high capacity retention of 1048 mA h g⁻¹ at 1 C after 1000 cycles and a high rate capacity of 727.1 mA h g⁻¹ at 10 C in Li–Ge half cells. Additionally, a 3.4 V lithium-ion full cell (Ge-LiCoO₂) with an energy retention of 85% (∼268.8 W h kg⁻¹) over 100 cycles is achieved.