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Issue 17, 2014
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Synthesis and characterization of isosorbide-based polyphosphonates as biobased flame-retardants

Timothy C. Mauldin,a  Mauro Zammarano,bc  Jeffrey W. Gilman,d  John R. Shieldsc  and  Dylan J. Boday*a 
Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

a IBM Corporation, Materials Engineering, Tucson, USA
E-mail: dboday@us.ibm.com

b American University, Department of Chemistry, Washington DC, USA

c NIST, Fire Research Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, USA

d NIST, Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, USA

Abstract

A new isosorbide-based polyphosphate was synthesized and applied as a flame-retardant for polylactic acid (PLA). The storage modulus and glass transition temperature of PLA/polyphosphonate blends was unaffected by the inclusion of polyphosphonate, but moderate depressions of PLA's tensile strength (16%, 28%, and 45% reduction from PLA at a polyphosphonate mass percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively) and strain-at-break (0%, 17%, and 30% reduction from PLA at a polyphosphonate mass percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively) were observed. Modified UL-94 flammability testing indicated that isosorbide-based polyphosphonates are effective flame retardants for PLA and are able to self-extinguish flames in less than 2 s to achieve V2 and V0 ratings at polyphosphonate mass percentage of 5% and 15%, respectively. Fire test data indicates a gas phase mechanism that can quench the flame when no external radiant heat flux is present (e.g., in modified UL-94 testing) but does not affect the material's heat release rate in forced combustion (e.g., in cone calorimetry). Use of the biobased flame retardants described herein yields flame retardant PLA containing up to 97% by mass of bio-derived content.

Graphical abstract: Synthesis and characterization of isosorbide-based polyphosphonates as biobased flame-retardants

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Publication details

The article was received on 28 Apr 2014, accepted on 30 May 2014 and first published on 02 Jun 2014


Article type: Paper
DOI: 10.1039/C4PY00591K
Citation: Polym. Chem., 2014,5, 5139-5146
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    Synthesis and characterization of isosorbide-based polyphosphonates as biobased flame-retardants

    T. C. Mauldin, M. Zammarano, J. W. Gilman, J. R. Shields and D. J. Boday, Polym. Chem., 2014, 5, 5139
    DOI: 10.1039/C4PY00591K

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