Direct exfoliation of carbon allotropes with structural analogues of self-assembled nanostructures and their photovoltaic applications

Abstract

Aromatic amphiphiles were self-assembled into 2-D nanosheets and 1-D nanofibers by systematically varying the volume fraction of the hydrophilic coils, which enabled the direct exfoliation of carbon allotropes with high quality and quantity. A 2-D nanosheet structure was introduced as the hole transporting layer for improving the performance of organic photovoltaic devices.