Alkyl passivation and SiO2 encapsulation of silicon nanoparticles: preparation, surface modification and luminescence properties

Abstract

In this paper, we report on the preparation of decyl-modified silicon nanoparticles (decyl-SiNPs) and their encapsulation into silica nanoparticles (NPs). The decyl-SiNPs were obtained by the photoinduced hydrosilylation of hydride-terminated SiNPs (H-SiNPs), liberated from porous silicon (pSi), followed by encapsulation into silica NPs (SiNPs@SiO₂) via the Stöber process. Two different sized SiNPs@SiO₂ were synthesized, ∼15 and 25 nm in diameter. Their composition, size, shape, luminescence properties, colloidal and spectral stability in different environments and under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation were studied by various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis absorption, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the SiO₂ coating renders the hydrophobic alkylated SiNPs dispersible in water, but leads to some loss of their PL intensity. The SiNPs@SiO₂ NPs exhibit a wide pH stability, but show a pronounced PL degradation due to a blinking behavior. The photobleaching process could be partially suppressed by increasing the SiO₂ outer shell thickness. Some investigations were made on the luminescence quenching, spectral shift and photobleaching. For potential bioapplications, the SiNPs@SiO₂ NPs were modified with aminopropyl groups under acidic conditions without obvious luminescence loss and further conjugated with folic acid (FA). Considering the features of red-emission, versatile SiO₂ surface chemistry and controlled size, the present SiNPs@SiO₂ nanocomposites may find wide applications in cellular fluorescence labeling and the preparation of light-emitting devices.