Issue 42, 2013

Pore morphology-controlled preparation of ZrO2-based hybrid catalysts functionalized by both organosilica moieties and Keggin-type heteropoly acid for the synthesis of levulinate esters

Abstract

A series of ZrO2-based hybrid catalysts functionalized by both organosilica groups and Keggin type heteropolyacid, H3PW12O40/ZrO2–Si(Et/Ph)Si and H3PW12O40/ZrO2–Si(Ph), with different structural orderings and pore geometries were controllably prepared by a one-pot template-assisted sol–gel co-condensation–hydrothermal treatment route. The pore morphologies, textural properties and acidity of as-prepared hybrid catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, nitrogen gas porosimetry, in situ pyridine-FTIR spectroscopy and titration, while the structural integrity of the incorporated functionalities was studied by FT-IR, 31P MAS NMR, 13C CP-MAS NMR and 29Si MAS NMR. As the novel solid acid catalysts, the catalytic performance of as-prepared materials was evaluated by esterification of levulinic acid with various alcohols under mild conditions. Meanwhile, comparative studies were carried out to find out the influences of acidity, porosity and surface hydrophobicity on the catalytic activity of the catalysts. Finally, the recyclability of the catalysts was tested.

Graphical abstract: Pore morphology-controlled preparation of ZrO2-based hybrid catalysts functionalized by both organosilica moieties and Keggin-type heteropoly acid for the synthesis of levulinate esters

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 Jun 2013
Accepted
02 Sep 2013
First published
02 Sep 2013

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013,1, 13209-13221

Pore morphology-controlled preparation of ZrO2-based hybrid catalysts functionalized by both organosilica moieties and Keggin-type heteropoly acid for the synthesis of levulinate esters

F. Su, Q. Wu, D. Song, X. Zhang, M. Wang and Y. Guo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 13209 DOI: 10.1039/C3TA12412F

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