Issue 42, 2013

A new type of organic–inorganic hybrid NLO-phore with large off-diagonal first hyperpolarizability tensors: a two-dimensional approach

Abstract

We report a novel type of organic–inorganic hybrid material with rare two-dimensional nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with the finite-field (FF) method show that the designed molecules (6,9 organo-derivatives of B10H14) could carry the characteristic NLO properties of both organic and inorganic materials. Interestingly, due to their unique V-shaped structures, they have large off-diagonal first hyperpolarizability tensors or nonlinear anisotropy, which is an advantage in their practical applications over conventional donor–π-acceptor (D–π-A) NLO-phores. The systematic substitutions of terminal donor/acceptor groups as well as the extension of π-conjugation along the V-shape in these derivatives have been evaluated to guide a purpose-oriented synthesis of NLO material. All the systems in the present study have been categorized into Set-I and Set-II with D–π-A–π-D and A–π-D–π-A configurations, respectively. These designed derivatives show large amplitudes of βz values. For example, systems 3N (6,9-[(N[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]Ph–NO2)2]-B10H12) and 4N (6,9-[((N[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]Ph)2-NO2)2]-B10H12) have βz amplitudes as large as 34.16 and 276.91 × 103 a.u. which are 380 and 3000 times larger than those of a typical NLO molecule of urea, respectively. Remarkably, the substitution of nitrogen atoms with 6,9 hydrogen atoms in decaborane is shown to cause a lone pair back donation to vacant p orbitals of 6,9 boron atoms of the decaborane basket. This p orbital overlapping verticalizes the V-arms of the decaborane derivatives and boosts their nonlinear anisotropies due to their larger off-diagonal tensor components. The nonlinear anisotropy values are significantly larger, ranging from 1 (minimum in system 1) to 31.90 (maximum in system 3A) due to their unique V-shape. Comparison of their efficiencies with standard molecules demonstrates that our designed organic–inorganic hybrid molecules have significant potential as excellent candidates for NLO applications.

Graphical abstract: A new type of organic–inorganic hybrid NLO-phore with large off-diagonal first hyperpolarizability tensors: a two-dimensional approach

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 May 2013
Accepted
06 Aug 2013
First published
07 Aug 2013

Dalton Trans., 2013,42, 15053-15062

A new type of organic–inorganic hybrid NLO-phore with large off-diagonal first hyperpolarizability tensors: a two-dimensional approach

S. Muhammad, H. Xu, Z. Su, K. Fukuda, R. Kishi, Y. Shigeta and M. Nakano, Dalton Trans., 2013, 42, 15053 DOI: 10.1039/C3DT51331A

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