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Green light-excitable naphthalenediimide acetylide-containing cyclometalated Ir(III) complex with long-lived triplet excited states as triplet photosensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116012, P.R. China
E-mail: zhaojzh@dlut.edu.cn
Dalton Trans., 2013,42, 6478-6488
DOI:
10.1039/C3DT32815E
Received
25 Nov 2012,
Accepted
14 Feb 2013
First published online
14 Feb 2013
Naphthalenediimide (NDI) was connected to the ligand of a cyclometalated Ir(III) complex (Ir-1) via a CC triple bond to enhance the absorption in the visible region and to access long-lived triplet excited states. Ir(ppy)2(bpy)[PF6] (Ir-2, ppy = 2-phenylpyridine and bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) was used as a model complex. The photophysical properties of the complexes were studied with steady state and time-resolved spectroscopy. Ir-1 shows strong absorption in the visible region (ε = 11000 M−1 cm−1 at 542 nm) and in comparison Ir-2 shows typically weak absorption in the visible region (ε < 3000 M−1 cm−1 above 400 nm). Room temperature near IR emission at 732 nm (ΦP = 0.1%) was observed for Ir-1, which is attributed to the NDI localized emissive triplet excited state, by transient absorption spectra and DFT calculations on the spin density surface. The lifetime of the NDI-localized triplet excited state is up to 130.0 μs, which is rarely reported for Ir(III) complexes. In comparison, Ir-2 shows phosphorescence at 578 nm and the triplet state lifetime is a typical value of 0.3 μs. The complexes were used as triplet photosensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion and an upconversion quantum yield of 6.7% was observed with Ir-1. No upconversion was observed with Ir-2 as the triplet photosensitizer at the same experimental conditions.
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