Determination of triazolepesticides in rat blood by the combination of ultrasound-enhanced temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

This paper presents a study of the performance of ultrasound-enhanced temperature-controlled (UETC) ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME). The use of ultrasonication and heating can enhance the ability of the ionic liquid to extract the analytes. Various parameters that would affect the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of the extraction and dispersing solvents, salt concentration, pH value, centrifugation time, effect of temperature on UETC-IL-DLLME, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal extraction conditions, good enrichment factors (178–197) and recoveries (88.9–98.5%) were obtained. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 4–500 μg L⁻¹ for myclobutanil and in the range of 6–500 μg L⁻¹ for uniconazole, penconazole, tebuconazole and hexaconazole. Based on the optimized conditions, the UETC-IL-DLLME method was applied and combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) to determine the presence of five triazole fungicides. The results showed that the method we proposed could effectively determine the target fungicides in rat blood samples.