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Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, USA
E-mail: stoddart@northwestern.edu
b
Intel Labs, Building RNB-6-61, 2200 Mission College Blvd, Santa Clara, USA
c
National Center for Nano Technology Research, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Chem. Sci., 2011,2, 204-210
DOI:
10.1039/C0SC00453G
Received
20 Aug 2010,
Accepted
22 Oct 2010
First published online
16 Dec 2010
Throughout history, mankind has attempted to mimic the natural world—building wings to fly like the birds and fabricating systems to harness energy from the sun like our botanical brethren. However, on account of the enormous complexity that Nature has accrued over millions of years—more often than not—this imitation has resulted in failure. It was only once systems were developed that sought a looser connection to Nature, rather than attempting to reproduce it in a direct manner, that we were successful in accomplishing our goals. It is tempting to take these lessons we have learned from the macroscopic world and apply them to the nanoscale. Rather than attempting to replicate biological molecular machines capable of performing macroscopic motion, it is important to create a more robust world. In the past two decades, chemists have been synthesizing molecular switches and assembling molecular machines in order to study their properties and understand their function. Just as the artist takes to his or her canvas to create some masterpiece, chemists need to move to surfaces and interfaces in order to illicit function from these advanced integrated systems. In this mini-review we (1) outline several synthetic molecular machines that have been pinned down on surfaces to induce macroscale function and motion and (2) highlight some bioconjugated molecular devices which are capable of harnessing motion. Finally, we reflect upon the concept of appending molecular machinery to biological entities in order to express a range of properties.
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