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Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC: 0358, La Jolla, USA
E-mail: etheodor@ucsd.edu
; Fax: +1-858-822-0386
; Tel: +1-858-822-0456
b
Faculty of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011,9, 3530-3540
DOI:
10.1039/C0OB01042A
Received
18 Nov 2010,
Accepted
21 Feb 2011
First published online
24 Mar 2011
We describe the design, synthesis and fluorescent profile of a family of self-calibrating dyes that provide ratiometric measurements of fluid viscosity. The design is based on covalently linking a primary fluorophore (reference) that displays a viscosity-independent fluorescence emission with a secondary fluorophore (sensor) that exhibits a viscosity-sensitive fluorescence emission. Characterization of fluorescent properties was made with separate excitation of the units and through Resonance Energy Transfer from the reference to the sensor dye. The chemical structures of both fluorophores and the linker length have been evaluated in order to optimize the overall brightness and sensitivity of the viscosity measurements. We also present an application of such ratiometric dyes for the detection ofmembrane viscosity changes in a liposome model.
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Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
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