Rapid purification/oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under 300 kHz-ultrasound and microwave irradiation

Giancarlo Cravotto; Davide Garella; Emanuela Calcio Gaudino; Francesco Turci; Serena Bertarione; Giovanni Agostini; Federico Cesano; Domenica Scarano

doi:10.1039/C0NJ00892C

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New Journal of Chemistry

Issue 4, 2011

A journal for new directions in chemistry

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Paper

Rapid purification/oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under 300 kHz-ultrasound and microwave irradiation

Giancarlo Cravotto,*^a^b Davide Garella,^a Emanuela Calcio Gaudino,^a Francesco Turci,^b^c Serena Bertarione,^c Giovanni Agostini,^c Federico Cesano^c and Domenica Scarano^c

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Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
E-mail: giancarlo.cravotto@unito.it ;
Fax: +39 011 6707687 ;
Tel: +39 011 6707684

Interdepartmental Centre “G. Scansetti”, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy

Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy

New J. Chem., 2011,35, 915-919

DOI: 10.1039/C0NJ00892C
Received 11 Nov 2010, Accepted 28 Jan 2011
First published online 28 Feb 2011

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Abstract
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The use of ultrasound (US) and microwaves (MW) in the oxidation and purification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated. These techniques, in particular US at a frequency of 300 kHz, strongly accelerate the process and avoid the heavy structural damage, observed at the 20–35 kHz classic range, even at low power. Due to the residual metal catalyst on the head of MWCNTs, MW heating is strongly absorbed, causing the rupture of the tip and the loss of the metal. All our chemico-physical treatment types were performed by suspending the CNTs in a 3∶1 H₂SO₄/HNO₃ mixture. The resulting samples were investigated by TEM microscopy, TGA analyses and Raman spectroscopy, while the degree of oxidation was estimated by colourimetric analyses.