Probing liquid surfaces under vacuum using SEM and ToF-SIMS

Li Yang; Xiao-Ying Yu; Zihua Zhu; Martin J. Iedema; James P. Cowin

doi:10.1039/C0LC00676A

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Lab on a Chip

Issue 15, 2011

Miniaturisation for chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and bioengineering

Impact Factor 5.67 24 Issues per Year Indexed in MEDLINE

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Probing liquid surfaces under vacuum using SEM and ToF-SIMS

Li Yang,^a Xiao-Ying Yu,*^b Zihua Zhu,^c Martin J. Iedema^c and James P. Cowin*^a

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Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA
E-mail: jpcowin@charter.net

Atmospheric Sciences and Global Climate Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA
E-mail: xiaoying.yu@pnl.gov

Scientific Resources Division, W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA

Lab Chip, 2011,11, 2481-2484

DOI: 10.1039/C0LC00676A
Received 07 Dec 2010, Accepted 18 May 2011
First published online 14 Jun 2011

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Abstract
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We report a newly developed self-contained interface for high-vapor pressure liquid surfaces to vacuum-based analytical instruments. It requires no wires or tubing connections to the outside of the instrument and uses a microfluidic channel with a 3 μm diameter window into the flowing fluid beneath it. This window supports the liquid against the vacuum by the liquid's surface tension and limits the high-density vapor region traversed by the probe beams to only a few microns. We demonstrate this microfluidic interface for in situ liquid surfaces in a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with chemical analysis.

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Li Yang
Xiao-Ying Yu
Zihua Zhu
Martin J. Iedema
James P. Cowin

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