Synthesis, characterization, plasmid cleavage and cytotoxicity of cancer cells by a copper(II) complex of anthracenyl-terpyridine

Abstract

Metallo-organic compounds are interesting to study for their antitumor activity and related applications. This paper deals with the syntheses, characterization, structure determination of a copper complex of anthracenyl terpyridine (1) and its plasmid cleavage and cytotoxicity towards different cancer cell lines. The complex binds CT-DNA through partial intercalation mode. The plasmid cleavage studies carried out using pBR322 and pUC18 resulted in the formation of all the three forms of the plasmid DNA. Plasmid cleavage studies carried out with a non-redoxable Zn²⁺ complex (2) supported the role of the redox activity of copper in 1. The complex 1 showed remarkable antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines, viz., cervical (HeLa, SiHa, CaSki), breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2) and lung (H1299). A considerable lowering was observed in the IC₅₀ values of HPV-infected (viz., HeLa, SiHa, CaSki) vs. non-HPV-infected cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, H1299). Antiproliferative activity of 1 was found to be much higher than the carboplatin when treated with the same cell lines. Incubation of the cells with 1 results in granular structures only with the HPV-infected cells and not with others as studied by phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. The lower IC₅₀ value observed in case of 1 with HPV-infected cell lines may be correlated with the involvement of HPV oncoprotein. The role of HPV has been further augmented by transfecting the MCF-7 cells (originally not possessing HPV copy) with e6 oncoprotein cDNA. To our knowledge this is the first copper complex that causes cell death by interacting with HPV oncoprotein followed by exhibition of remarkable antiproliferative activity.