2,3-Bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)quinoxaline (bmiq), a new ligand with decoupled electron transfer and metal coordination sites: the very different redox behaviour of isoelectronic complexes with [PtCl2] and [AuCl2]+

Abstract

The new, potentially ambidentate heterocyclic ligand 2,3-bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)quinoxaline (bmiq) was obtained from 2,3-bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)glyoxal and 1,2-diaminobenzene. Its coordination to PtCl₂ and to the isoelectronic [AuCl₂]⁺ in [AuCl₂(bmiq)](AuCl₄) occurs via the imine N donors of the imidazolyl groups, leading to the formation of seven-membered chelate rings with boat conformation. According to the spectroelectrochemistry (UV-vis-NIR, EPR), the reversible electron addition to the [PtCl₂(bmiq)] and the free ligand takes place in the (non-coordinated) quinoxaline part of the molecule, similarly as for related complexes of dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazines (dppz), 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)quinoxalines (bpq) and 2,3-bis(dialkylphosphino)quinoxalines (QuinoxP). DFT calculations confirm the experimental results (structures, spectroscopy) and also point to the coordination potential of the quinoxaline N atoms. The electron addition to [AuCl₂(bmiq)]⁺ takes place not at the ligand but at the metal site, according to experimental and DFT results.