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Issue 11, 2011
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Hexagonal hydroxyapatite formation on TiO2 nanotubes under urea modulation

Xiong Lu,*ac  Hongping Zhang,a  Yanan Guo,a  Yingbo Wang,a  Xiang Ge,b  Yang Lengb  and  Fumio Wataric 
Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

a Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
E-mail: luxiong_2004@163.com
Fax: +86-28-87601371
Tel: +86-28-87634023

b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China

c Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Abstract

Hexagonal prism-like hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions utilizing the combination modulation of TiO2 nanotubes and urea. TiO2 nanotubes were used as templates to induce HA crystal nucleation under hydrothermal conditions. Comparison of HA formation on nanotubular surfaces and flat surfaces demonstrated that nanotubular surfaces favored prism-like hexagonal HA crystallization. Urea was selected as the precipitation agent to control the HA growth and mediate its morphology. The hydrothermal temperature should be high enough to lead the decomposition of urea in order to ensure HA formation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed that the urea had higher binding energy with (100) surfaces than with (001) surfaces, and therefore could inhibit the growth of (100) surfaces of HA, which possibly influenced the morphological development of HA crystals. This study demonstrated that HA crystal growth could be modulated in its nucleation and growth stage. It also implied that computer simulation might play an important role to select the suitable precipitation agent in order to obtain crystals with specially designed morphology.

Graphical abstract: Hexagonal hydroxyapatite formation on TiO2 nanotubes under urea modulation

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Publication details

The article was received on 21 Dec 2010, accepted on 07 Mar 2011 and first published on 24 Mar 2011


Article type: Paper
DOI: 10.1039/C0CE00971G
Citation: CrystEngComm, 2011,13, 3741-3749
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    Hexagonal hydroxyapatite formation on TiO2 nanotubes under urea modulation

    X. Lu, H. Zhang, Y. Guo, Y. Wang, X. Ge, Y. Leng and F. Watari, CrystEngComm, 2011, 13, 3741
    DOI: 10.1039/C0CE00971G

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