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Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Forest Bioproducts Research Institute, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, USA
E-mail: cwheeler@umche.maine.edu
; Fax: +1 207 581 2323
; Tel: +1 207 581 2280
Green Chem., 2010,12, 1353-1356
DOI:
10.1039/C005067A
Received
13 Apr 2010,
Accepted
02 Jun 2010
First published online
23 Jun 2010
This communication presents a process for thermal deoxygenation (TDO) to upgrade levulinic acid whereby levulinic acid is neutralized with calcium hydroxide, and the resulting salt is heated to between 350 °C and 450 °C. The cyclic and aromatic products have low oxygen to carbon ratios, improved energy density, and may be candidates for upgrading to hydrocarbon fuels. The process may be useful for converting biomass-derived levulinic acid in an integrated forest products complex based on a kraft pulp mill which uses a lime cycle to regenerate calcium hydroxide.
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