Energy densification of levulinic acid by thermal deoxygenation

Thomas J. Schwartz; Adriaan R. P. van Heiningen; M. Clayton Wheeler

doi:10.1039/C005067A

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Green Chemistry

Issue 8, 2010

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Energy densification of levulinic acid by thermal deoxygenation

Thomas J. Schwartz , Adriaan R. P. van Heiningen and M. Clayton Wheeler

Green Chem., 2010,12, 1353-1356

DOI: 10.1039/C005067A
Received 13 Apr 2010, Accepted 02 Jun 2010
First published on the web 23 Jun 2010

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This communication presents a process for thermal deoxygenation (TDO) to upgrade levulinic acid whereby levulinic acid is neutralized with calcium hydroxide, and the resulting salt is heated to between 350 °C and 450 °C. The cyclic and aromatic products have low oxygen to carbon ratios, improved energy density, and may be candidates for upgrading to hydrocarbon fuels. The process may be useful for converting biomass-derived levulinic acid in an integrated forest products complex based on a kraft pulp mill which uses a lime cycle to regenerate calcium hydroxide.