The high-valent oxo-molybdenum(VI) and -rhenium(VII) and -(V) derivatives MoO2Cl2, ReCH3O3 (MTO) and ReIO2(PPh3)2 catalyze the selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes at 80 °C under 40 atm of pressure. The reduction of sulfoxides to sulfides has also been performed by oxo-rhenium and -molybdenum complexes using hydrogen as a reducing agent. Activation of hydrogen by MoO2Cl2 and MoO2(S2CNEt2)2 was shown by means of DFT calculations to proceed by H–H addition to the MoO bond, followed by hydride migration to yield a water complex.