Novel strategies for the site-specific covalent labelling of nucleic acids

To broaden the scope of applications in DNA nano- and biotechnology, material science, diagnostics and molecular recognition the functionalization of DNA is of utmost importance. In the last decade many new methods have been developed to achieve this goal. Apart from the direct chemical synthesis of modified DNA by automated phosphoramidite chemistry incorporation of labelled triphosphates and the post-synthetic labelling approach evolved as valuable methods. New bioorthogonal reactions as Diels–Alder, click and Staudinger ligations pushed forward the post-synthetic approach as new insights into DNA polymerase substrate specifity allowed generation and amplification of labelled DNA strands. These novel developments are summarized herein.