In situSTM investigation of spinodal decomposition and surface alloying during underpotential deposition of Cd on Au(111) from an ionic liquid

Abstract

The electrodeposition and anodic dissolution of Cd on Au(111) in an acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid (MBIC–AlCl₃, 42 : 58 mol%) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in situ STM. In the Cd underpotential deposition region, various nanostructures can be distinguished. At a potential of 0.95 V vs. Al/Al(III), a transformation from a well ordered AlCl₄⁻ adlayer to a (√3 × √19) superstructure, presumably due to Cd–AlCl₄⁻ coadsorption, is observed. Reducing the potential to 0.45 V, surface alloying of Cd and Au occurs, which is evidenced for the first time by typical spinodal structures occurring both during deposition and dissolution of the surface alloy layer having a hexagonal structure. At still lower potentials below 0.21 V, a layer-by-layer growth of bulk Cd sets in.