NMR studies, UV-monitored melting experiments, and ab initio calculations show that 5-hydroxyuracil, produced by the oxidative de-amination of cytosines by reactive oxygen species, can form stable base-pairs with dA, dG, dC and dT residues in a DNA duplex, providing a basis for the in-vivo incorporation of 5-hydroxyuracil during DNA replication.
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