Issue 12, 2021

Retracted Article: Metal-ion batteries for electric vehicles: current state of the technology, issues and future perspectives

Abstract

The batteries based on metals-ions have the potential to meet the future needs of electric vehicle (EV) applications. This article reviews the key technological developments and scientific challenges of a broad range of Li-ion, Mg-ion and Al-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The fundamental configurations and corresponding reaction mechanisms of metal-ion strategies are tangibly discussed in this review article. After a brief revision of the fundamentals, the performance is analysed among Li-ion, Mg-ion and Al-ion battery technologies. The key parameters for the present compilation are the abundance, the volumetric capacity, the gravimetric capacity, the cycling life, cost and safety. Further, it summarizes the recycling methodologies, strengths and limitations of these batteries. Finally, future directions of all these batteries are highlighted and discussed.

Graphical abstract: Retracted Article: Metal-ion batteries for electric vehicles: current state of the technology, issues and future perspectives

Associated articles

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
22 Mar 2021
Accepted
19 Apr 2021
First published
14 May 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Nanoscale Adv., 2021,3, 3384-3394

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