* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
E-mail: joelyuen@ucsd.edu

^b Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

^c Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, HBKU, Doha, Qatar

^d Department of Physics, City College, City University of New York, New York 10031, USA

^e Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10016, USA