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Physics, chemistry and biology of Soft Matter
Paper
J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 1836 - 1842, DOI: 10.1039/b819025a
Surface modification of a solid-state cellulose matrix with lactose by a surfactant-enveloped enzyme in a nonaqueous medium
Shizuka Egusa, Shingo Yokota, Kyoko Tanaka, Kei Esaki, Yuri Okutani, Yukiko Ogawa, Takuya Kitaoka, Masahiro Goto and Hiroyuki Wariishi
Glyco-modification of a solid cellulose surface with lactose via an enzymatic reaction was successfully achieved using a surfactant-enveloped enzyme (SEE) in a lithium chloride/dimethylacetamide solvent system. The unique biocatalyst, SEE, which is active in organic media, was prepared by protecting the surface of cellulase with the specific nonionic surfactant dioleyl-N-D-glucona-L-glutamate. Lactose, a second cellulase substrate, was introduced onto cellulose surfaces via SEE-mediated enzymatic reaction. Fluorescent labeling and imaging revealed the presence of galactose residues from lactose on the modified cellulose surface. X-Ray diffractometry showed that the crystal structure of cellulose remained unchanged even after glyco-modification. Cell adhesion assays were carried out using rat liver cells on which galactose-specific receptors are present, and the initial cell attachment (within 12 h) on the lactose-modified cellulose filter was greater than that on an original (unmodified) cellulose matrix. The SEE-mediated biocatalysis enabled efficient glyco-modification of the solid cellulose surface in a one-step reaction, without complicated pre-treatment of the cellulose matrix and donor sugar. Consequently, this simple and effective approach to surface modification of a solid cellulose matrix with bio-functional sugars would be expected to have wide potential applications in glycomaterials engineering.
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